Nikolai Fyodorov establishes Russian cosmism, a spiritual belief system and precursor to transhumanism which advocates for physical immortality, space exploration, and resurrecting the dead through science.

British scientist and Marxist J. B. S. Haldane publishes Daedalus; or, Science and the Future which offers an early vision of transhumanist thought, particularly concerned with the ethical implications of the advancement of science.

British scientist John Desmond Bernal publishes The World, the Flesh and the Devil, introducing ideas central to transhumanism including liveable space habitats, and the future changes science could bring to human intelligence and physicality.

Amazing Stories publishes "The Jameson Satellite," a short story by Neil R. Jones, about a man whose corpse is sent into orbit, where it remains near absolute zero for millions of years until a race of cyborgs discovers it, defrosts its brain, and installs it in a robot's body.

Inspired by "The Jameson Satellite" cryonics founder Robert Ettinger publishes his short story "The Penultimate Trump," in Startling Stories. In it, Ettinger proposes cryonics as "one-way medical time travel to the future."

Noted eugenicist and evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley coins the term "transhumanism" at a lecture delivered in Washington titled Knowledge, Morality and Destiny. Huxley describes his philosophy as "the idea of humanity attempting to overcome its limitations and to arrive at fuller fruition."

Jerry Sohl publishes his sci-fi story "The Altered Ego," in which a man is able to make a digital duplicate of his mind and access it after his death. This marks the first appearance of mind-uploading in fiction.

Physicist Richard P. Feynman presents the lecture, There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, suggesting the possibility of the manipulation of atoms in synthetic chemistry. The lecture will later inspire the field of nanotechnology.

Robert Ettinger publishes "The Prospect of Immortality," a manifesto for cryonics. A small number of cryonics societies are established across the US.

Cryptographer and computer scientist Irving John Good publishes "Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine," the first proposal for a possible future intelligence explosion in machine learning.

Philosopher Harry Overstreet make the first mention "extropy" — the attempt to counteract the natural law of entropy — in a 1967 volume of the journal, Physis.

The first person is cryogenically frozen at the Cryonics Society of California by the society's president — Robert Nelson, a television repairman. The operation was ultimately deemed unsuccessful and Nelson's clients were "lost."

Fred & Linda Chamberlain establish the Alcor Society for Solid State Hypothermia, later renamed to the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, in Los Angeles. Fred Chamberlain had previously worked as a space program engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Apollo 17 becomes the final manned mission to the Moon.

The Club of Rome publishes The Limits to Growth, positing dire projections of a growing global population and dwindling resources.

FM-2030, then known as Fereidoun M. Esfandiary, publishes Up-Wingers: A Futurist Manifesto.

Physicist Gerard K. O'Neil publishes "The Colonization of Space" in Physics Today. O'Neil advocates "finding high quality living space for a world population that is doubling every 35 years; finding clean, practical energy sources; preventing overload of Earth's heat balance."

The L5 Society is established to continue O'Neil's work advocating for space colonization. Its members include Eric Drexler.

The Cryonics Institute is established and freezes its first clients in liquid nitrogen.

The L5 Society helps defeat US ratification of the Moon Treaty, paving the way for private space exploration and resource exploitation of celestial bodies.

Natasha Vita-More publishes The Transhuman Manifesto.

Partly in response to The Limits to Growth, Eric Drexler, then research affiliate with MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, publishes The Engines of Creation, which proposes the theory of nanotechnology; "‘molecular assemblers,' devices capable of positioning atoms and molecules for precisely defined reactions in almost any environment," as a potential solution to Earth's limited resources.

Eric Drexler and Christine Peterson establish The Foresight Institute to "ensure beneficial implementation of nanotechnology."

The first transhumanist magazine, Extropy: Vaccine for Future Shock, is published by Max More and T.O. Morrow. It is later renamed The Journal of Transhumanist Thought.

FM-2030 publishes the book, Are You A Transhuman?

Hans Morvac publishes Mind Children, predicting superintelligent robots by 2030.

The Extropians Mailing list is established, the first major online hub for transhumanist ideas to be exchanged. Several prominent writers, theorists, and technologists in the movement regularly post to the boards, which continues to be active today.

Science fiction author, computer scientist, and mathematician Vernor Vinge publishes The Coming Technological Singularity, popularizing the theory of the Singularity and predicting its arrival sometime before 2030.

Ed Regis profiles Max More and T.O. Morrow and others in Wired magazine, "Meet The Extropians."

The first Extropy Institute Conference on Transhumanist Thought is held in Sunnyvale, California.

Peter Diamandis establishes the X Prize to fund "radical breakthroughs for the benefit of humanity." The board of trustees will later include Larry Page and Elon Musk.

An updated version of Natasha Vita-More's The Transhuman Manifesto is sent with the Cassini Huygens space probe to Saturn.

Philosopher Nick Bostrom founds the World Transhumanist Association with David Pearce. It is later renamed Humanity Plus.

Artificial Intelligence theorist Eliezer Yudkowsky establishes the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, which will then become the Center for Applied Rationality, The Singularity Institute, and finally, the Machine Intelligence Research Institute.

FM-2030, science fiction author and futurist, enters suspension at Alcor.

Peter Diamandis, Ray Kurzweil, and Salim Ismail establish Singularity University with funding from Google, Nokia, Autodesk, ePlanet Capital, the X Prize Foundation, the Kauffman Foundation, and Genentech.

Elon Musk founds private space exploration company, SpaceX.

Nick Bostrom and James Hughes establish the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, which publishes the Journal of Transhumanism.

Ray Kurzweil publishes The Singularity is Near, further popularizing the idea.

Nick Bostrom establishes the Future of Humanity Institute, with associates Anders Sanberg and Eric Drexler.

Peter Thiel donates $100,000 to the Machine Intelligence Research Institute and joins its board. Thiel also pledges $3.5 million to the Methuselah Mouse Prize foundation to find a cure for aging.

Nick Bostrom and Anders Sanberg publish "Whole Brain Emulation Roadmap," a manifesto for mind-uploading.

Peter Thiel donates $500,000 to fund the The Seasteading Institute to establish experimental research facilities in international waters. Thiel will donate over one million dollars to the institute.

Eliezer Yudkowsky publishes the blog and forum, LessWrong, where discussion on artificial intelligence culminates in the infamous thought experiment, Roko's Basilik and banning of its discussion on the forums.

Aubrey de Grey founds the SENS Foundation to pursue research into curing aging with backing from The Thiel Foundation.

Max More becomes CEO of Alcor Life Extension Foundation.

Google's X Lab starts working on Google Brain, an artificial intelligence research project.

Along with the CIA, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos invests $15 million in D-Wave, a quantum computing company.

Google hires Ray Kurzweil to work on machine learning and AI.

Larry Page establishes Calico Labs with Arthur D. Levinson, ex-chairman of Apple, as part of Google (since restructured as a subsidiary of Alphabet). Calico pursues a cure for aging and associated diseases.

At the Global Futures 2045 International Congress, Ray Kurweil predicts that human beings will achieve digital immortality through mind-uploading by 2045.

Zoltan Istvan publishes the dystopian science fiction novel, The Transhumanist Wager, about a future war between transhumanists and the US Government.

Mark Zuckerberg, Sergey Brin, and Arthur D. Levinson establish the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences to fund research in understanding living systems and promoting life extension.

Nick Bostrom publishes Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, positing AI as the number one existential threat to humanity.

Google acquires DeepMind Technologies to merge with its Google Brain project in its quest to "solve intelligence."

On reading Bostrom's Superintelligence, Elon Musk tweets that artificial intelligence could pose a threat to humanity "more dangerous than nukes."

The $1 million Palo Alto Longevity Prize is announced to fund research into curing aging.

Elon Musk tells Aeon magazine there will be people living on Mars by 2040.

Google CEO Larry Page tells TED Conference attendees that he would prefer to leave his fortune to Elon Musk than donate it to charity in order to ensure that people will get to Mars.

Elon Musk donates $10 million to The Future Of Life Institute to invest in research for the creation of "friendly AI."

Technologist and science fiction author Ramez Naam writes that any Singularity is significantly further away than any predictions made so far.

Zoltan Istvan launches a presidential bid on the Transhumanist Party ticket.